RESUMO
BACKGROUND: One key factor proven to increase quality of pregnancy outcome has been antenatal care (ANC) service. The perinatal triad of mother, placenta and fetus becomes functionally complete with a functional umbilical cord. The objective of the study was to establish mathematical models to predict the outcome of umbilical cord morphometric parameters using maternal first antenatal care visit biometric indices. METHOD: This analytical descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 pregnant women who attended antenatal care for the first time in their first trimester at the Victory Maternity Home and Clinic in the Kumasi Metropolis, between April 2016 and October 2019. Umbilical cord length, diameter, area, volume and weight were measured after delivery. Maternal first antenatal care visit blood pressure was taken and their non-fasting blood samples were collected and lipid profile done. RESULTS: Mean values for umbilical cord measurements were; cord length, 38.10±7.86âcm; diameter, 1.04±0.17âcm; area, 66.10±24.49âcm2 and volume was 34.02±11.16âcm3 respectively while mean cord weight was 65.01±21.35âg. The study found that a unit increase in total cholesterol led to an increase of 2.33 units in umbilical cord length, high-density lipoprotein also resulted in 0.06 units increase in cord diameter while low-density lipoprotein decreases cord length by 3.31 units. Also, a unit increase in maternal booking total cholesterol resulted in 2.33 units increase in umbilical cord length. CONCLUSION: Maternal first antenatal care visit total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein could influence the outcome of umbilical cord length, diameter and area.
Assuntos
Biometria , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Placenta , Gravidez , Cordão UmbilicalRESUMO
In order to study the detailed morphology of trophoblast cells during human implantation, BeWo cells were cultured as spheroids in suspension culture. These cultures were then processed for light and electron microscopical examination. The present study showed that the BeWo spheroids consist of two cell types which are cytotrophoblast-like and syncytiotrophoblast-like. The cells with larger nuclear diameter made up only about 1 percent of the cell population and appear to be those of syncytiotrophoblast. Therefore the predominant cell type of the BeWo spheroids appeared to be relatively undifferentiated and cytotrophoblast-like. About 10 percent of the BeWo cells in the present study were mitotic, indicating a highly proliferative population. Total cell number increased about 12 times during the culture period from 107 +/- 9 on day 1 to 1211 +/- 145 on day 7 whereas the volume per cell increased about 2 times, from 1300 um3 on day 1 to 2400 um3 on day 7. Therefore overall growth of BeWo spheroids is due to both hyperplasia and hypertrophy. However, it appears that cell proliferation outstrips volumetric growth. These quantitative data show that BeWo cells grow mainly by hyperplasia and provide baseline values for further studies. In addition, the results show that BeWo cell morphology has marked similarities to that reported for human trophoblast, making it a useful model for subsequent in vitro studies.
En un cultivo de suspensión se estudió la morfología de las células durante la implantación del trofoblasto humano, células BeWo. Estos cultivos fueron procesados y examinados a través de microscopía de luz y electrónica. El estudio mostró que los esferoides BeWo constan de dos tipos de células, citotrofoblasto y sincitiotrofoblasto. Las células con mayor diámetro nuclear parecen ser los sincitiotrofoblasto que representaban sólo el 1 por ciento de la población celular. Por tanto, el tipo celular predominante de los esferoides BeWo parecían ser relativamente indiferenciados como citotrofoblasto. Alrededor del 10 por ciento de las células BeWo fueron mitóticas, lo que indica una población altamente proliferativa. El número de células totales aumentó alrededor de 12 veces durante el período de cultivo de 107 +/- 9 días en el día 1 a 1211 +/- 145 en el día 7, mientras que el volumen de la célula creció alrededor de 2 veces, desde 1300 mm3 el día 1 hasta 2400 mm3 el día 7. Por lo tanto, el crecimiento global de esferoides BeWo se debe tanto a la hiperplasia como a la hipertrofia. Sin embargo, parece que la proliferación celular supera al crecimiento volumétrico. Estos datos cuantitativos muestran que las células BeWo crecen principalmente por hiperplasia y proporcionan valores de referencia para estudios posteriores. Además, los resultados muestran que la morfología celular BeWo ha marcado similitudes con los reportado para el trofoblasto humano, por lo que es un modelo útil para posteriores estudios in vitro.
